As we all know, the starting of the engine needs the support of external force, and the car starter is playing this role. The starter can convert the electrical energy of the battery into mechanical energy and drive the flywheel of the engine to start the engine.Generally speaking, the starter uses three components to realize the entire starting process. The DC motor introduces the current from the battery and causes the drive gear of the starter to produce mechanical movement; the transmission mechanism meshes the drive gear into the flywheel ring gear, and at the same time it can automatically disconnect after the engine is started; the starter circuit is turned on and off by an electromagnetic switch To control. Among them, the motor is the main component inside the starter. Its working principle is the energy conversion process based on Ampere’s law that we are exposed to in junior high school physics, that is, the force of the energized conductor in the magnetic field. The motor includes the necessary armature, commutator, magnetic pole, brush, bearing and housing and other components.
• 1. After turning on the start switch, the starter rotates at a high speed and the engine crankshaft does not respond. This phenomenon indicates that the fault occurred in the transmission mechanism of the starter, which may be caused by the wear of the transmission gear or the one-way clutch.
• 2. The starter does not work normally and the drive gear does not rotate. There are many reasons for this phenomenon, such as problems with the power cord, ablation of the contact plate of the starter switch, and excessive engine resistance.
• 3. The power output of the starter is insufficient to drive the crankshaft. Short-circuit of the excitation coil and loss of battery power can cause insufficient power of the starter.
• 4. The running sound of the starter is harsh. This may be caused by the blocking of the one-way clutch or improper installation of the starter.
• 5. There is a “click” sound when the starter is switched on and off, but it does not work. This phenomenon can be caused by keeping the coil disconnected or the battery is seriously deprived of power.Maintenance recommendations:The starter is a valuable part of the car and will not be easily damaged. However, in order to prolong the service life of the starter, proper use is also necessary. In the process of starting the engine, the starter must introduce 300~400 Ah of electricity from the battery. Therefore, in order to prevent the battery from over-current or damage, the starting time should not exceed 5 s; in winter, it is easy to start difficult phenomenon, many times Each start time should not be too long when starting, and there should be a proper interval between each start.
During normal use of the starter shaft, necessary adjustments should be made when there is poor meshing, impact, difficulty in starting, or after maintenance. The adjustment of the starter refers to the coordinated adjustment of the meshing of the drive gear and the time when the starter switch is turned on during the starting work.
(1) Adjustment of drive gear and thrust ring. Push the movable iron core of the electromagnetic switch to the position where the contact plate is just connected and keep it stable. Measure the air gap value between the drive gear and the end face of the thrust nut. It should be within the range of 4-5mm. Otherwise, it can be screwed in or screwed appropriately. Adjust the connecting screw between the shift fork and the iron core. Then push the movable iron core to the limit position. The gap value should be reduced to 1.5-2.5mm. If it does not match, the stroke limit screw on the rear cover can be adjusted until it is qualified. However, in some foreign electromagnetic-operated starters, in addition to adjusting the connecting screw, there is also a fork-shaped joint connected to the movable iron core by rotating the shift fork, and the other is a method of adding or subtracting washers on the end surface of the solenoid switch coil. Make adjustments.
(2) Adjust the time when the start switch is turned on. When the electromagnetic switch is just turned on, the gap between the drive gear and the end face of the thrust nut should be between 3.5-5.5mm, that is, the drive gear has meshed into the flywheel ring gear, but has not yet entered a fully meshed state. If the switch on time is not appropriate, it can be adjusted by the connecting bolt (adjusting rod) between the fork lever and the movable iron core of the electromagnetic switch.
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