DelveInsight Business Research LLP

DelveInsight’s “Acute Liver Failure Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast-2032″ report delivers an in-depth understanding of the Acute Liver Failure, historical and forecasted epidemiology as well as the Acute Liver Failure market trends in the United States, EU5 (Germany, Spain, Italy, France, and United Kingdom) and Japan.

The Acute Liver Failure market report provides current treatment practices, emerging drugs, Acute Liver Failure market share of the individual therapies, current and forecasted Acute Liver Failure market Size from 2019 to 2032 segmented by seven major markets. The Report also covers current Acute Liver Failure treatment practice/algorithm, market drivers, market barriers and unmet medical needs to curate the best of the opportunities and assesses the underlying potential of the Acute Liver Failure market.

Some of the key facts of the Acute Liver Failure  Market Report:

• In the study by Sato et al. (2014), in total, 1554 and 49 patients with ALF and late-onset hepatic failure (LOHF), respectively, meeting the Japanese diagnostic criteria, who were seen between 2010 and 2015 were enrolled. The subjects were classified into 1280 patients with hepatitis (642 non-comatose and 638 comatose) and 323 patients without hepatitis (190 non-comatose and 133 comatose). Compared with patients seen between 1998 and 2009, older patient age and a higher percentage of underlying extrahepatic disease were observed. 

• In the same study, although hepatitis virus infection was the most frequent etiology, the percentage of patients with this etiology had decreased, compared with previous cohorts, while the percentages of patients with drug-induced liver injuries, autoimmune hepatitis, and an indeterminate etiology had increased. Liver transplantation was performed in 170 patients (10.6%), whereas artificial liver support with plasmapheresis and/or hemodiafiltration were performed for most of the comatose patients

Key Benefits of the Acute Liver Failure Report:

• The report covers the descriptive overview of Acute Liver Failure, explaining its causes, signs and symptoms, pathophysiology, diagnosis and currently available therapies.

• Comprehensive insight has been provided into the Acute Liver Failure epidemiology and treatment in the 7MM.

• Additionally, an all-inclusive account of both the current and emerging therapies for Acute Liver Failure is provided, along with the assessment of new therapies, which will have an impact on the current treatment landscape.

• A detailed review of the Acute Liver Failure market; historical and forecasted is included in the report, covering drug outreach in the 7MM.

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Acute Liver Failure Overview

Acute liver failure (ALF) is the development of sudden, severe hepatic dysfunction from an acute insult to the liver, associated with the onset of hepatic encephalopathy and coagulation abnormalities. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) defines it as the evidence of coagulation abnormality, usually an international normalized ratio above 1.5, and any degree of mental alteration (encephalopathy) in a patient without preexisting liver disease and with an illness of less than 26 weeks duration.

The illness often begins with nonspecific symptoms, including malaise, fatigue, nausea, and abdominal discomfort. Jaundice (yellowing of the skin) and scleral icterus (yellowing of the eyes) are often present, but may not be initially noted by patients or their families until relatively late in the course of the illness. Encephalopathy, the cognitive dysfunction that is a sine qua non of ALF, may also initially be quite subtle. Minor changes in personality, particularly irritability, inattention, mild memory lapses, and insomnia may be the first signs. However, the severity of encephalopathy may dramatically and suddenly worsen, culminating in a full-blown hepatic coma in a relatively short time.

Diagnosis of ALF involves obtaining detailed and accurate historical information, performing a physical exam on the patient focused primarily on determining the stage of encephalopathy, excluding stigmata of chronic liver disease, and looking for hints regarding the etiology of ALF (e.g., Kaiser-Fleisher rings in Wilson disease), undergoing extensive blood and urine testing both to grade the severity of the liver failure and to determine the etiology. 

Also, an abdominal ultrasound is performed to assess the size, configuration, and texture of the liver, to verify that its vascular supply is intact, and to rule out masses or other problems.There is no proven therapy for ALF and hence understanding the progression of ALF helps in disease management. For drug-induced hepatotoxicity, intavenous N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is used, whereas acute hepatitis B-induced ALF patients benefit from antiviral agents, while osmotic agents such as mannitol are the first-line therapy of intracranial hypertension in patients with ALF. Liver transplantation has improved survival in ALF.

Acute Liver Failure Epidemiological Insights:

• In the study by Stravitz and Lee (2019), data were collected between Jan 1, 1998, and March 31, 2019. PubMed and MEDLINE using the terms “acute liver failure” or “fulminant hepatic failure” were searched, to identify studies and publications not already familiar to the authors, with no restrictions on the date or location of publication. The total number of patients enrolled was 2614; paracetamol accounted for 46% of cases, 12% of cases had indeterminate causes, and drug-induced liver injury accounted for 11% of cases. 

• As per the above study by Stravitz and Lee (2019), the most commonly observed cause of ALF in developed countries is paracetamol toxicity, which causes 45·7% of cases recorded in North America, and 65·4% of cases in the UK. 80% of patients with ALF  caused by autoimmune hepatitis are women. In the US and Europe, the hepatitis B virus causes around 8% of all cases of ALF, considerably fewer than paracetamol, drug-induced liver injury, or autoimmune hepatitis, but this virus is still an important and readily diagnosed cause. The remaining causes of ALF comprise fewer than 15% of the total and include heat stroke, pregnancy-associated injury (eg, acute fatty liver of pregnancy and HELLP [hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme, and low platelet] syndrome), Budd-Chiari syndrome, nonhepatotropic viral infections such as herpes simplex, and diffusely infiltrating malignancies. 

• In the study by Weiler et al. (2020), patients insured from January 2014 to December 2018 of Germany were analyzed and the incidence of ALF was calculated to be 1.13/100000 person-years, representing 4652 cases. Healthcare data from approximately 25 million people to the total population of 83 million was extrapolated. It was found that women were more often affected (52% versus 48%). 

Acute Liver Failure Epidemiological Segmentation 

• Total Acute Liver Failure incident cases 

• Total Acute Liver Failure gender-specific cases 

• Total Acute Liver Failure etiology specific cases 

• Total Acute Liver Failure age-specific cases

• Total Acute Liver Failure treated cases 

Acute Liver Failure Market Outlook 

The Acute Liver Failure market outlook of the report helps to build a detailed comprehension of the historic, current and forecasted Acute Liver Failure market trends by analyzing the impact of current Acute Liver Failure therapies on the market, unmet needs, drivers and barriers, and demand for better technology.

This segment gives a thorough detail of the Acute Liver Failure market trend of each marketed drug and late-stage pipeline therapy by evaluating their impact based on the annual cost of therapy, inclusion and exclusion criteria, mechanism of action, compliance rate, growing need of the market, increasing patient pool, covered patient segment, expected launch year, competition with other therapies, brand value, their impact on the market and view of the key opinion leaders. The calculated Acute Liver Failure market data are presented with relevant tables and graphs to give a clear view of the market at first sight.

According to DelveInsight, the Acute Liver Failure market in 7MM is expected to witness a major change in the study period 2019-2032.

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Acute Liver Failure Key Companies

• Akaza Biosciences 

• Grifols

• Mallinckrodt

• And others

 Acute Liver Failure Therapies

• Resatorvid (TAK-242)

• And others

 Table of Contents

1. Key Insights 

2. Report Introduction 

3. Executive Summary of Acute Liver Failure    

4. Disease Background and Overview

5. Epidemiology and patient population

6. Acute Liver Failure  Emerging Therapies

7. Acute Liver Failure  Market Outlook

8. Market Access and Reimbursement of Therapies

9. Appendix

10. Acute Liver Failure  Report Methodology

11. DelveInsight Capabilities

12. Disclaimer

13. About DelveInsight

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