1 The idea of rural construction based on the concept of urban and rural equivalence

In 1965, based on the Spatial Planning of the Federal Republic of Germany, Bavaria formulated the Urban and Rural Spatial Development Plan, which identified “urban and rural equivalence” as the strategic goal of regional spatial development and land planning. Its purpose is to ensure the rational use of land resources through land consolidation, industrial upgrading and other means, so that urban and rural residents have the same living, working and transportation conditions. To achieve the equivalence of rural and urban life.

The main measures include: the implementation of a parallel management system in the planning and administrative systems, rural and urban planning and construction management systems, functions and powers are independent of each other; We will formulate preferential policies on rural land and taxation, guide and encourage enterprises, colleges and universities, scientific research institutions and individuals to develop in rural areas, and increase rural employment opportunities. We will strive to improve public services and infrastructure in rural areas, strengthen ecological and environmental protection, build beautiful and livable living Spaces, and create rural living and employment conditions that are equal to those in cities.

2 The rural development mode with integrated development as the strategy

Since the early 1960s, rural construction in Germany has paid more attention to the excavation of cultural values and the improvement of functions. With the improvement of the expressway and commuter rail system and the increase of employment opportunities, the rural areas with commuting conditions, beautiful scenery and beautiful environment, which are 100-200 kilometers away from big cities, have become the first choice for suburbanization. At the same time, Germany’s agricultural land consolidation has been transformed from a single agricultural production function to rural multi-functional development, emphasizing that through land consolidation to improve the ecological and landscape environment, reduce the adverse impact on the living environment of animals and plants.

3 A financial security system based on financial support and residence taxation

In recent years, the EU has formulated a series of agricultural development and regional integration policies related to the development of rural areas, and provides targeted financial and technical support according to the different needs of each region. In the construction and maintenance of rural public infrastructure, the European Union, national and state governments at all levels have corresponding financial funds to ensure the two-way flow of urban and rural population in Germany. There is no difference between urban and rural areas in land transactions and housing systems. 90% of the rural population is non-agricultural, which promotes the integrated development of urban and rural areas. At the same time, the system that individual income tax is collected and used by the place of residence has aroused the enthusiasm of the whole residents for rural construction and enhanced the capacity of rural self-construction and development.

4 Public participation to stimulate the endogenous power of rural construction model

German rural planning and management attaches great importance to the priority of local needs. Protecting residents’ interests and balancing various related interests are prominent features of German rural planning. The planning process is a “bottom-up” public participation, rather than a “top-down” government and planner led process. The main task of the rural planner is to organize, coordinate and guide the villagers to express their opinions and reach the public consensus and satisfactory results through consultation. Citizens participate in the whole process, deeply understand the goals of village construction and put forward their own suggestions and interests, actively participate in village construction in an all-round way, and rural social living conditions have been comprehensively improved, suitable for living and working, and cohesion has been enhanced.

5 Rural renewal planning model with land use as the core

The core of German rural planning is land use, and its core laws are Construction Code and Land Rezoning Law. Among them, the task of the Construction Code is to restrict all kinds of construction activities on construction land and agricultural land within the planning scope, and ensure that the property rights of construction land caused by the planning are adjusted accordingly. The “Field Rezoning Law” is necessary to adjust the property rights relationship in accordance with the planning requirements of relevant agricultural land. At the same time, construction activities and land rezoning in peripheral areas must be integrated with the landscape planning objectives set out in the Nature Conservation Act. Considering the inevitable trend of suburbanization, the development goals of spatial structure in each region of Germany emphasize “decentralized concentration”.

article source:https://www.chinesegreenhouse.com/news/the-enlightenment-of-rural-diversification-development-in-germany-to-rural-revitalization-in-china-2/